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KMID : 1124020090250040217
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Korean Social Security Studies
2009 Volume.25 No. 4 p.217 ~ p.244
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The Analysis of National Pension Reform Initiative(2003-2007) through Policy Networks
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Cho Gi-Won
Koo Seul-Gi
Nah Jin-Koo
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Abstract
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In this study, we analyzed national pension reform initiative, from 2003 to 2007, through policy net work theory. Policy net work theory was proved to be an appropriate analytic tool for the current social welfare policy making process. we found that social welfare policies had a gradual effect on the roles and participation among various actors. With this background, this study aimed to analyze the pension reform process and policy output, while focusing on the interactions and activities among various actors. In order to achieve this goal, we examined three different aspects of policy making process, that is, actors, interactions and relationships(power games among actors), three main components of policy net work theory. The following findings are a result of that examination. First, the government was obliged to modify its original stance on the reform bill. it’s unwillingness to do so, when combined with complex political games among actors during the four year reform period, resulted in a failure to successfully legislate reform. The government must modify its original plan, particularly with respect to fiscal concerns. This need is only exacerbated by the fact that the number of people excluded on the system is on the rise. Therefore, another system(the Basic pension system supported by civil society) was created. The later plan included concerns of informal actors, namely civil society, and those voices must be considered in any effort to reform. Second, traditionally major welfare reform efforts were both government initiated and dictated. In this reform we realized that political party played the most significant role in the pension reform. such an approach is no longer feasible in the more progressive approach required in current society, we found that more opportunities must be given to both civil society and interest groups, and that the influence of both groups must be allowed so as to better ensure the success of any reform effort. Third, we found that while the political power and influence of informal actors is more significant than in the past, the remained a problem. Their opportunity to work with formal actors roles was severely limited. Therefore, we realized the necessity of creating practical and powerful committees among actors to reach social compromise on reform. We suggest that doing so will help to minimize social conflicts at the expense of much needed reform.
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KEYWORD
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National pension reform, Policy network actors, interaction, relationship, committees
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